Earth Talk: Floating solar panels

Dear EarthTalk: Is it true that we could meet all of our electricity needs in the U.S. with floating solar panels on reservoirs and other water bodies across the country? – P.L., via e-mail

Answer: Energy usage in the U.S. has surged in recent years. To address this, floatovoltaics - solar panel systems that float on water - have the potential to combat growing energy demands.

Floating solar farms operate similarly to ground-mounted farms. Devices keeping the system buoyant sit on top of the water, cooling the panels, which increases efficiency. Also, using water surfaces frees up land for other uses. Germany, Russia and China are already benefiting from floating solar farms, suggesting that the U.S. could follow suit.

However, there are issues. As the idea is relatively new, long-term durability is uncertain. Harsh weather, declining performance and maintenance needs must be studied as systems age. Connecting from water to land adds more complexity, as scientists must ensure efficient power transmission.

Floatovoltaics do show great promise, but they are unlikely to meet all of the U.S. energy needs alone. Waterbody availabilit, and environmental and logistical concerns mean that floating solar farms could be a complementary solution rather than a standalone one. More research on renewable energy, along with careful system design, will be need to ensure successful implementation. When combined with other efforts, floatovoltaics could help reduce reliance on fossil fuels and meet a large portion of U.S. energy demands.

Floatovoltaics present a revolutionary approach to addressing the U.S. energy needs. Through more research and design, these systems could become key in future renewable energy solutions.

Support the adoption of renewable technologies by engaging with community leaders, advocating for local initiatives and supporting green energy providers. By staying informed and spreading awareness about innovations like floating solar farms, you can help shape the future of renewable energy in the United States.

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EarthTalk is produced by Roddy Scheer & Doug Moss for the 501(c)3 nonprofit EarthTalk.

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This story was originally published May 5, 2026 at 1:32 AM.